The articles’ aims are similar in their exploration

The three essays, â€Å"Islam is Not the Solution (or the Problem)† by Daniel Brumberg, â€Å"Is There an Islamic Civilization?† by Yilmaz Esmer, and â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† by Samuel Huntington present a look at civilization as a dominant factor, in particular the role of an Islamic civilization, on a national and global level.The articles’ aims are similar in their exploration of what it means to be a Islamic civilization and the effects this is having and will continue to have economically, politically, and culturally for people residing in these countries and nearby.All of the writers, in the course of making and proving their hypotheses, attempt to define what it is to be a civilization. Civilization, as Samuel Huntington explains, â€Å"is a cultural entity [†¦] a civilization is thus the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other spe cies† (24).Civilizations differ from each other along the lines of history, language, culture, tradition, and religion. In â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† Huntington takes a look at western civilizations in relation to non-western civilizations, including but not limited to Islamic civilizations.Huntington states that it is his belief that civilization identity rather than national identity will be of ever increasing importance and that the most important conflicts will â€Å"occur along cultural fault lines† (25). If you read the news from the Middle East on any given day, you can easily see Huntington’s ideas come to life. In Iraq, for instance, the biggest conflicts that now exist are not threats from other nation’s but rather from the inside, particularly along religious lines.Huntington uses primarily history as the springboard for his theories, noting the changes in Islamic and European countries (citing heavily Russia as an example).In â⠂¬Å"Is There an Islamic Civilization?† Yilmaz Esmer attempts to use past hypotheses and statistical numbers to show the value indicators, which can define Islamic civilization. He notes in the beginning of his essay that a large majority of people in secular but Islamic-dominated countries will first identify themselves as Muslim and then identify themselves by their nationhood. I found this very interesting, being an American. I imagine, if you asked any given group of U.S. citizens how they identify themselves, one of their first responses would be American and then their religious affiliation.In the course of the article Esmer is able to show through World Values Survey statistics that there are certain defining factors to Islam in connection with values.The most notable differences among Islamic nations and civilizations from non-Islamic nations and civilizations lie in gender equality and the importance of faith. As Huntington notes in his article, â€Å"economic moderni zation and social change [†¦] weaken the nation state as a source of identity. In much of the world religion has moved in to fill this gap† (26).Unlike Huntington and Esmer’s essays, Daniel Brumberg’s essay â€Å"Islam is Not the Solution (or the Problem)† does not concentrate on the definition of civilizations, namely Islamic, but rather explores how best the West can work with Islamic civilizations and nations with a large Islamic base to explore democracy and overcome the current autocracies that are the norm. One of the points I found the most interesting about Brumberg’s essay was his exploration of the role identity plays in the bridge between democracy and the present autocracy of many Islamic countries. Islam faces a unique challenge in supporting a democracy.As he explains, â€Å"barriers are so formidable that, for the foreseeable future, any effective engagement with Islamist will require dealing with activists, many of whom espouse ideas profoundly at odds with U.S. notions of democracy and freedom† (98). In some of these countries, religion is so imbedded in the political framework it seems almost impossible to extract it. Brumberg makes the case for non-Islamic groups to gain a voice alongside (not instead of) the Islamic majority.From reading the three essays, I am able to draw my own conclusions on Islamic civilization and the role it will play in world politics. I think it is obvious that there is such a thing as Islamic civilization, as Esmer’s conclusion and Huntington’s history proves.As noted before, simply watch the news on any given night or check out the world news section and there is bound to be an article positive, negative, or neutral on the signs of Islamic civilization in the world. But all of the essays still leave me wondering what’s next? Will, as Brumberg advocates, the Islamic states shed their autocracies and allow non-Islamic interest groups to gain a hold i n governing these nations? Will the ideological breaks between civilizations cause even bigger breaks within?Works CitedBrumberg, Daniel. â€Å"Islam is Not the Solution (or the Problem).†Esmer, Yilmaz. â€Å"Is There an Islamic Civilization?†Huntington, Samuel P. â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?†

INTRODUCTION OF NEURAL NETWORK Essay

What do I expect from you? 1. Be prepared. Roughly go through the material in the textbook before the class. 2. I am going to spoon-feed you with lots of questions ! These questions are designed to arouse your interest and to help you to figure out most of the stuff by your own thinking! You will have fun by actively participating in thinking and discussing these questions. It will be a waste of your time if you just want to passively listen to the answers. 3. Do the homework assignments by yourself. You can discuss the questions with your classmates. But do not copy and paste! 4. Please Use Anonymous Feedback in IVLE! Tell me what you want from me! What is the most important technology invented in 20th century? The digital computer. †¢How does the digital computer process information? The computer performs binary operations according to a list of instructions (program) How many operations can your laptop execute in one second? CPU speed of 2 GHz –ïÆ'   2 billion (109) What is the fastest speed of the supercomputer now? China’s Tianhe-2 (2013): 33.86 Petaflops (1015) USA’s Cray Titan (2012): 17.59 Petaflops Japan’s K Computer (2011) : 10.5 Petaflops How many operations can a computer (with one CPU) execute at any given instant? †¢Only ONE! The operations are serial: one after another! The modern computers are so fast that it may appear that many programs are running at the same time even though only one is ever executing in any given instant.    EE5904/EE5404 Neural Network EE5904/ME5404 Neural Networks †¢Can computer beat the human brain now? †¢Yes and No. †¢What are the tasks that the computer can beat the human brain? †¢Playing chess—the Deep Blue defeated the world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997. †¢Solving equations! †¢But there are certain things that we can do much better than computer! Can you list some of them? Pattern recognition such as recognizing one familiar face among a crowd! Half a century ago, artificial-intelligence pioneer, Marvin Minsky of MIT predicted that computers would exceed human intelligence within a generation. Recently, he admitted: â€Å" The world’s most powerful computers lack the common sense of a toddler; they cannot even distinguish cats from dogs unless they are explicitly and painstakingly programmed to do so.† †¢ Can computer rival the human brain 1000 years from now? Is Terminator ever possible? 9 EE5904/ME5404 Neural Networks    How about the brains of other animals? Are they also good at pattern recognition? Pigeons as art experts (Watanabe. et al. 1995) Experiment: Pigeon in Skinner box

History of the Great Wall of China

Introduction I foremost went to China last twelvemonth to analyze for a semester.The feeling I had when I arrived at that place, was something that can non be explained in words.I felt frightened because I was so little in such a large city.Day by twenty-four hours, I started to experience much more comfy, to go more familiar with the topographic points, the people and even with Chinese food.Back so, I did non recognize what this experience would intend to me. After analyzing a semester in a metropolis near Shanghai, I decided to travel to see Beijing, the great capital of China. There, I had the chance to see the Great Wall and I was impressed by its enormousness, hence my ground for taking this subject for my concluding paper. Known as the â€Å"7th admiration of the universeâ€Å" , the Great Wall, which stretches for over Chinese district of more than 7000 kilometres, is the largest edifice of the ancient military defence and it took longer to construct. This colossal wall began to lift in the ninth century. The people who dominated the cardinal fields, for illustration, the center and lower basin of the Yellow River, decided to support themselves from the onslaughts of the northern small town with a wall that joined the walls, the beacons and palaces located along the boundary line and from which they could watch the motions of the enemy. In the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States, between 700 and 221 BC, the feudal Godheads lived locked in eternal wars to accomplish hegemony. The most powerful Godheads defended each other with walls that rose landforms advantage of boundary line countries. After 221 BC, when Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty unified China, the bing walls were linked. The formidable defensive barrier therefore formed, traversing the mountains of the northern boundary line, served to drive the onslaughts of the mobile cultural groups mounted on horseback, from the Mongolian steppes. At that clip, the length of the Great Wall was good over 5000 stat mis. The Han Dynasty, replacement to the Qin, was lengthened to more than 10 1000 kilometres. Over the following 2000 old ages, the entire length of the different subdivisions of the Great Wall reached more than 50 1000 kilometres, plenty to circle the Earth length. Today when we talk about the Great Wall, we frequently refer to the constructed during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644 ) .It starts at the Jiayu Pass in western Gansu Province, through 9 states, municipalities and independent parts, and ends on the Bankss of Yalu River in the northeasterly state of Liaoning. Its length is 7,300 kilometres, or 14 thousand Li, hence besides known as the Great Wall of 10,000 Li. The wall, built with immense bricks, masonry, crushed rock and loess, has a tallness of about 10 metres. The breadth of the top between 4 and 5 metres, leting the coincident measure 4 equestrians and therefore facilitated the motion of combat units such as the conveyance of grain and arms. Inside the walls were stepss and corridors taking to the doors. The wall was punctuated by towers that were used to hive away arms and cereal for the remainder of the soldiers and as a safety in clip of war. It is besides used as beacons to warn of the presence of enemy fire or fume signals. Of class, today the Great Wall no longer meets any military map. But its arresting architecture has won and continues to win the bosom of many people. The beauty of the Great Wall is manifested in its stateliness, its strength, its illustriousness and its naturalness. Seen from a distance, the high wall extends along the ridges of mountain ranges clearly following the silhouette of a elephantine winging firedrake, shut up position, the powerful entreaty of your fabulous study, formed by enforcing stairss, walls that appear to travel in sensed zigzag and steep ups and platforms.In one word, a comeliness. To the historical and cultural value of the Great Wall we can add besides the touristry value. The Chinese frequently say: â€Å"He who has non climbed the Great Wall is non a existent individual. † Tourists, whether Chinese or aliens, are proud to hold gone to the Great Wall. The many caputs of province and authorities who have visited China are no exclusion. Several well-preserved subdivisions have become points of tourer involvement, which every twelvemonth attracts 1000s of visitants. Among the best known include Badaling Pass, Platform Shimatai, Mutianyu, Shanhaiguan Pass, besides known as First Measure of China, and Jiayuguan Pass, the western terminal of the Great Wall. The Great Wall of China is an internationally recognizable icon and is a permeant metaphor used to specify modern China’s national character, political attitude. Is a set of monumental semisynthetic constructions that has stood the trial of clip, much like the centuries’ old Chinese civilization. It has besides come to incarnate the rich history of the Chinese people, declarative mood of their strength and ability as a state. This Wall has come to stand for quintessential Chinese attributes in modern-day society and it is cardinal to how China defines itself. However, there is no individual ‘Great Wall’ . It is a set of walls, as I said before, built periodically over 1000s of old ages by different dynasties for changing intents. The Great Wall, crystallisation of wisdom, difficult work, blood and perspiration of 1000000s of workers in ancient China, has worthily survived over a thousand old ages of vicissitudes. Her ageless Martial and timeless entreaty have become a symbol of the spirit of the Chinese state. Since 1987, the Great Wall is considered a universe heritage. Chapter one The history of The Great Wall Year of building The history of the Great Wall began in 221 BC during the Qin dynasty when were foremost built 5,000 stat mis in two phases from four to six old ages ( 214-210 B.C ) . During the 2nd phase, the wall was built along the Yellow and the Tao River, at the same time being built 44 metropoliss and established 44 administrative units.The population brought in these metropoliss had provided the care and the enlargement of the wall.During the Han Dynasty, its length reached 10,000 kilometers.Only few subdivisions of the impressive building of Han Dynasty had been kept until today.The new subdivision of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty, and in 270 old ages, the emperors opened 50 topographic points in which people had the chance to work.The wall, during the Ming Dynasty, crossed nine states and independent parts by mensurating 8851.8 kilometer and holding the best proficient and military qualities. From the full length over 6,000 stat mis were built by Ming emperor’s people. Types of wall building To construct, , the 7th admiration of the world’’ , the Chinese have used five types of wall building. The first 1 was rammed Earth, an old building technique, used in the loess tableland from Datong to Jiayuguan and in Inner Mongolia. In kernel, the rammed Earth was prevailing.Other types used were adobe, rock, brick and drop. It is said that a fifth of China ‘s population at some point participated in its building. It is besides said that the Great Wall of China is the largest graveyard in the universe, because during its building more than 10 million workers died and were buried at that place. If were taken all the bricks that were used to construct the Great Wall of China during the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese could construct a high wall that can give five bends to Earth. The chief trouble was that, to accomplish a strategic advantage, they had to took advantage of the terrain ( bring forthing accidents ) , and in the tops of the mountains were localized munitions that could keep a good surveillance of the land, and at that place was where soldiers lived and where they had commissariats and armaments. The stuffs they used were different and depended on what could be used in each country they built. The Qin and Han was built chiefly with dirt, clay, reeds, wood and rocks. The Ming, 15 centuries subsequently, used clay bricks and carven rocks. In some subdivisions of the Wall, to attest the quality of the bricks, each maker imprinted his seal on them, and the day of the month of bringing. Rock pavers were cut and shipped from distant preies, some of them came to weigh a ton and were up to 3 metres. The Ming built in two phases: foremost raised two walls and so the infinite between them was filled. The base was wider than the top. Then were built garrisons and crenelations where guns were placed. To forestall eroding by rain, a whole drainage system was devised. The boring work, the hapless diet, the whether, and the enemies that continually kept coming, affected the workers. It is estimated that Ming took advantage of 100 workers. The nomads attacked and broke the defences in many parts of the Wall, but he had already fulfilled the undertaking of directing the dismay to the topographic point where the ground forces was placed. They had a system of fume signals in detailing the onslaught and how many enemies were destroyed. Later, the Ming, in add-on to smoke signals, had used a codification for guns to give the dismay. The wall has a tallness between seven and 10 metres. Its base steps about seven metres and six upper manus. The floors were paved utilizing a mixture of rock and howitzer, supported by tree short pantss rollers arranged in several beds. At regular intervals terraced towers were built and this thing allowed the guards made aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ optical signals which offered them a great communicating that stretched for stat mis. A wall is interrupted at some points so they can hold defence points, to which the soldiers could withdraw if necessary. Each tower has alone and hard stepss to entree in order to confound the enemy. The barracks and administrative centres were located at greater distances. In add-on to its defensive map, the Great Wall played an instrumental function as a mean of communicating and commercialism opening the doors of China to the Western universe.The celebrated â€Å" Silk Road â€Å" passed trough China, and merchandisers from the Persian Gulf and the Eastern Mediterranean who traveled to the E could non make their finishs without traveling through the wall. The stuffs used are those available around the edifice. Near Beijing was used limestone and was besides used granite or fired brick.That made the wall really immune to impacts of siege arms. Defense The Great Wall is non merely a wall, but a defense mechanism system that integrated assorted walls, watchtowers and towers of fire for describing under the control of military degrees defined. For illustration, under the Ming, there were nine subdivisions of different military duties that are described as, ,Nine critical defense mechanisms in the borders’’ . It was assigned a commanding officer, describing straight to the National Ministry of Defence. About one million military personnels were deployed along the Great Wall to continue the state. During 2,000 old ages of building of the wall, the Chinese people learned a batch about defense mechanisms ( harmonisation with the topography and location of military forces, edifice stuffs, etc. ) The format of the walls varied depending on the topography and defense mechanism demands. In the strategic transitions, the walls were really high and solid, although they were low and narrow in high and steep mountains to cut down t he costs in money and labour. In some topographic points like Juyongguan or the Badaling subdivision, general regulation, the walls have seven to eight metres in tallness, four to five metres thick at the top and six to seven meters down. Inside the upper portion, there is a parapet of a meter barrier which prevented the soldiers fall, niches two meters high, every bit good as holes for pull or throw stones. In the strategic subdivisions, the upper portion is blocked by a series of cross walls to forestall the enemy to mount. During the dynasty of the Ming, General Qi Jiguang, celebrated for get the better ofing Nipponese plagiarists, improved the defence of the wall system, by adding towers, watchtower and the warehouses for arms and weaponry. Base on ballss are defensive strategic points throughout the wall.Fire coverage towers constituted one of the indispensable constituents of the defence system and an effectual agencies of conveying military information. During the Ming, sound s of detonation were added to heighten the consequence. As a defense mechanism system, the Great Wall crosses mountains, comeuppances and prairies, drops and rivers and harmonizes its construction to the complexness of the topography. It is a wonder of ancient architecture. The wall remained standing, so, for a long clip. Under the great Han dynasty became a great topographic point for the conflicts against the Huns, China utilizing projectiles countless ground forcess. During the following dynasty, the Chinese generals seized the immense wall as a base from which to come on in Hun Mongol heartland in Central Asia. That was the great migration of Germanic peoples. The building whose being had produced such effects spread over continents, merely partly protected China, and from its diminution in the 13th century was less protected. When in 1368 succumbed the Mongol dynasty in China under force per unit area from the Chinese reserves and riders steppe retreated to Central Asia, one of the first tasks the new Ming dynasty ( 1348-1644 ) aimed strictly Chinese, was the Reconstruction of the enforcing wall.

Islamic aesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic aesthetics - Essay Example As art is meant to be within the limits set by traditional norms, there is very little room for being radical. As a result, artists rarely tried to produce something totally new and original. Instead, they continued relying heavily on their culture, and art mainly involved interpreting and commenting on each other’s work. Thus, until very recently, critical discourse on art in the Islamic world was not explicit as is the case with the Western art. Instead, the criticism lied within the art work. In other words, â€Å"one thinks or comments about an artwork through another art work† (Erzen 69). The reason, according to Erzen, is that in cultures where tradition is dominating, artists fail to introduce new and radical innovations. Instead, they continue interpreting the same norms and knowledge of tradition in different ways through their art. The underlying claim is that one can see the expression of Islamic culture and tradition in Islamic art and that they are not mere decorative pieces. In fact, as a result of this heavy dependence on tradition, the Islamic world failed to analyze its own arts and aesthetic approaches, and even when tried, the studies were descriptive, not analytical or conceptual. In order to support this claim, the scholar points out the fact that until early twentieth century, there was no effort to document Turkish architecture and its history. Though the Orientalists tried to understand the cultural meaning of Islamic aesthetics and art, the effort was in vain, as they tried to interpret the same using Western values and concepts. Most of the time, the efforts involved comparing Islamic art with Western art for similarities and dissimilarities and analyzing the narrative or figurative content. Thus, they failed to analyze or understand the cultural meaning of Islamic art and ended up focusing entirely on history, style and technique. The article is rather

Philosophy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy - Coursework Example art of the discussion, special emphasis is placed on the epistemological and axiological foundations, as well as overreaching sense of ontology of the philosophers. This way, it is possible to view the schools of thoughts from a holistic manner as they shape the entirety of the world around them rather than the personal opinions of the philosophers alone. From the perspective of Rene Descartes, idealism is a metaphysical and epistemological reasoning that argues that ideas and thoughts make up the fundamental composition of reality (Earnshaw, 2006). By implication, emphasis is taken away from the physical world and the physical things we see around us into a realm of what the mind is able to ensemble for itself. From his perspective, Descartes saw what we know as a manifestation of our own consciousness rather than the makeup of the physical world around this (Warnock, 2007). This is because from an epistemological stand point, Descartes saw the physical world as a revelation of what the mental consciousness had produced. In that situation, Descartes would rather assign the reality of life and the things around us to ideas and thoughts rather than the product of the physical. The impact that this position held by Descartes on contemporary education and contemporary thought is that it has shaped and brought about a way of learning whe re there is much emphasis on the power of mind to reason and conceptualize ideas rather than put emphasis of praise on the end result of learning. In effect, in between concepts such as metaphysical science and technology, the real make up of the world would be assigned metaphysical science rather than technology. It is in light of this that Descartes claimed that â€Å"I think, therefore I am† is the only assertion to viewing life that cannot be disputed (Barrett, 2010). The philosophical thought of realism has always held the opinion that all entities of the world have their own objective reality that is completely ontologically

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 132

Summary - Essay Example The study is conducted in a single Congress; it is the reason why Clinton does not apply it to all states. The results may differ depending on the party of the representative and geographic factor. In the opposition of party constituency and geographic constituency, conservative wings tend to care more about party constituency while progressive forces pay more attention to local preferences. Rivalry between Republicans and Democrats results in the fact that policies of the House become more radical than people want them to be. Voters who belong to different parties are expected to have opposite points of view on the same issue. It results in radical solutions offered by both of them. Even though it seems that such radicalism negatively influences representative function of the House, all policies need to be approved by the Senate and the President. This approach mediates differences in party-correlated behavior. The limitations of this study give a clue for further research where the true causes of differences of party correlated behavior are identified and studies. The study by Butler and Nickerson examines how legislators tend to react when they are informed about public opinion. Since their main function is to represent people, they need to act in line with what people expect from them. At the same time, many legislators remain uninformed and their decisions do not represent the interests of their voters. Butler and Nickerson conducted a survey of New Mexicans regarding 2008 summer session and shared their findings with a randomly-selected half of legislators. Those legislators who were informed about the results of the survey, were more likely to vote in support of public opinion. At the same time, legislators who were in the control group were less likely to guess what people expected from them. This study supports the idea that legislators want to act in line with public opinion; however, the authors warn that the information about public

Explain key concepts relating to the processes of environmental Essay

Explain key concepts relating to the processes of environmental hazards, complexity and uncertainty. (othr questions in files at - Essay Example Indirect damage includes loss of revenue, unemployment and market deterioration. It is therefore increasingly becoming a major developmental issue of urgent concern for the government, development partners and local communities. In view of this situation, the proposed project aims to provide strong institutional capacities, resources, and database for informed decision making about handling the emergency situations. It also provides awareness to people to handle such emergency situations by informing them through efficient warning system and providing them with the required tools. The project consists of coherently logical steps to carry out the project various phases. The work is divided under various sections, section one contains introduction and objectives, section two explains the need and importance of the project for the country, section three tells the role of project in building resilient community, section four provides information about the partner organization that will a ssist in project. Section seven contains project activity chart and timetable; the next section eight gives details of the resources required in the project. And the last section nine deals with how the project will be monitored and post-funding of project for its sustainability. The total period of project is two years and the project will be monitored throughout the two years duration of the project and post funding will be provided by ensured by the government of Pakistan, who will allocate a part of budget for the disaster management, once the project is on the ground. Section 3. Objectives of project and project outcomes (300 words) Introduction Disasters are situations or events which overwhelm local capacity, necessitating a request to national or international level for assistance. These are classified into two main categories i.e. Natural disasters which are hydro-meteorological and Geophysical, and non-natural disasters which are man-made and can be industrial related; che mical spill, collapse of industrial structures, explosion, fire, gas leak poisoning, radiation; miscellaneous events such as collapse of domestic/non industrial structures, explosion, fire, and Transport related; air, rail, road and water-borne accidents (World Disasters Report, 2002) Disasters worldwide have become a major threat to the inhabitants, so therefore managing these disaster is an important and urgent need of the new world we are living in. Data gathered worldwide over the last three decades suggest that, while the number of people killed by natural disasters has leveled out at around 80,000 per year, the number affected by disasters and associated economic losses have both soared. As during the 1990s, an annual average of around 200 million people was affected by natural disasters nearly three times higher than during the 1970s. Economic losses from such disasters in the 1990s averaged US$ 63 billion per year which is nearly five times higher in real terms than the figu re for the 1970s (Brussels-based Centre for research on the Epidemiology of Disasters-CRED) The disasters affect the developing countries in a more harsh way by undermining their developing strength and contributing to persistent poverty that hinders their growth and prosperity. Objectives of the project and project outcomes The Federal Flood Commission (FFC), Emergency Relief Cell (ERC) and Pakistan Meteorological Department are the key agencies for disaster managemen

Race, culture and identity ( social policy and criminology) Essay

Race, culture and identity ( social policy and criminology) - Essay Example As Song (2001, p.58) suggests, this kind of grouping not only designates racial groups to a specific role in the society, but it also puts the minor groups into the shadow and subordination to the so-called â€Å"major† ethnic groups. Relatively, this racial and ethnic positioning also puts the â€Å"other† race into confusion as they become burdened by the nature of their identity. Racism, as a social problem, needs to be remedied to help the marginalised race overcome the barriers of color (A. Smedely and B. Smedley, 2005, p.16). In this way, people will be able to understand ethnic and racial identities as well as appreciate the significance of cultural diversity today (Frable, 1997, pp.142-143). Considering these ideas, this paper draws on scholarly articles to discuss the intertwining concepts of race, ethnicity, and identity. Specifically, this paper aims to discuss those concepts in relation to the â€Å"Black† subject. The Black subject stems from issues related to race, ethnicity, and identity. As Blacks and those who are considered non-white continue to suffer from racial and ethnic tensions worldwide, issues on race, ethnicity, and identity will continue to prevail in the society. Considering this situation, it can be said that studying these concepts would enable people to understand the nature of the Black subject, and the reason why it came into being. Before discussing the origin of the Black subject, it is essential to understand the concepts of race, ethnicity, and identity. These three concepts interrelate in a way that people use those to identify and differentiate themselves. The concept of identity, in the words of Brubaker and Cooper (2000, p.7), refers to three things: 1) product of socio-political action, 2) self-hood, and 3) group category. All these three aspects apply in the context of the Black subject. Black, as a group category,

TWITTER IN UK AND USA Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13750 words

TWITTER IN UK AND USA - Dissertation Example It has been found that there is difference in the usage patterns of Twitter in UK and USA. The dissertation basically aims to investigate the difference in the usage patterns of Twitter by the users in UK and USA in terms of reporting of the unexpected incidents. In this regard, the dissertation adopts a mixed methodology approach towards the attainment of the research goal and conducts the content analysis of some major unexpected incidents reports through Twitter in USA and UK. Furthermore, a survey among the UK and US twitter users has also been conducted to find out their views about twitter as medium for citizen journalism and incidents reporting. The reporting of the incident has been analysed and compared with the survey results to get an idea of difference in the style of UK and USA twitter users. It has been unveiled that the people of UK have started using Twitter more often for reporting unexpected incidents as compared with the American users (it would be expanded after g etting the actual research outcomes) Acknowledgement Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1. Background Information/ Problem Statement 1.2. Core Objectives of the Study 1.3. Research Rationale 1.4. Research Question 1.5. Research Methodology Overview 1.6. Significance and Scope of the Study 2. Literature Review 2.1. Evolution of Social Networking Services 2.2. Reporting of Unexpected Events in Media 2.3. Use of social networking services for reporting events 2.4. Twitter – History and Initial Response 2.5. Change of focus – From entertainment to Information 2.6. Use of Twitter and other social networking tools in UK and USA 2.7. Summary 3. Research Design 3.1. Research Questions 3.2. Research Approach...Earlier the advanced technological means were used for the entertainment purpose and people use to remain in touch with each other using these devices just to share routine information about their selves .However, along with time, there is a difference observed in the use of thes e advances means of communication and people started using it more for information sharing. Today, people have different ways in which they want to utilize technology and the access they have to the world. People would use any way to enhance their knowledge and interaction skills. The world has become a global village and twitter has played an important role.There are several social networking services and sites that allow interaction of people in different ways. Using these sites, people feel connected with each other and feel that they have an audience who can listen to them. Face book, the rapidly spread social networking site allows to share information, videos and pictures to broad circle of people whereas other sites like Orkut, Twitter and Google+ have also provided new dimensions to the social networking and interactions and along with time the essence of news sharing has increased within the use of most of these social networking tools

Small Business Start-Up Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small Business Start-Up - Coursework Example 2. Jane and Michael have also prepared a break-even chart, showing fixed costs, total costs and total revenue. In doing this, they have assumed that the highest number of orders they could cope with is 2,500 a month. Your second task is to prepare this break-even chart. Michael and Jane plan to apply a wide range of marketing strategies for their business. Key among the strategies to be applied include but not limited to personal selling, fliers, posters, rack cards and signage. The entrepreneurs have decided to use the following promotional strategies owing to the fact that they are quite economical, easy to apply and the fact that their area operation is quite limited. For instance, the market niche for the business involves serving the wealthy homes of The entrepreneurs are interested in maintaining contact with their loyal customers. This is to ensure that the business does not lose their loyal customers to their competitors. Michael and Jane will employ techniques such as email to frequently contact their customers. Considering that Michael and Jane are still youths with limited skills in analyzing information relating to market patterns it is obvious that an individual will place a considerable low confidence level on the survey results of the young entrepreneurs.

Human Development Essay Example for Free

Human Development Essay â€Å"Ten year old Greg, listens to his younger sibling’s plea for signing a ‘Parent Confirmation Report’ for school affirming that the parent was aware about the child in question not completing his home test paper. Father is out of town, and mother is sick in bed. Greg has to think quickly as to how to react to this plea keeping in mind the dilemma of doing a wrong deed of signing a parent report without the parent’s knowledge and protecting the young one from the teacher’s wrath the next day. He knows well, he cannot share it with the parents. Greg finally gives in to his brother’s plea just this once, but strictly warns him not to repeat this again. The next day Greg bakes a cake for his sick mother, as repentance for his wrong deed. † According to Piaget’s theory, Greg can be said to be evolving from the second stage of Moral Realism to the third stage of Moral Relativity. Greg is at an age appropriate stage as per this theory as he displays behavior from moral relativity stage by accepting to do a wrong deed for the sake of protecting his brother and not troubling the sick mother thereby displaying stage-appropriate behavior that rules are not fixed, and can be changed by mutual consent. However, Greg also displays behavior from the earlier stage of moral realism by warning his brother not to repeat the act as rules are made by an authority and should be observed. He vents out his feelings of guilt by doing a special deed for his mother by baking a cake for her. According to Kohlberg’s theory, Greg displays classic behavior from the Conventional level, stage 3, the Good Boy-Girl stage. He yearns to be the good brother and good son by doing what is required of him in the dilemma. However, he also displays some behavior of the stage 4, Law and order, that the act is wrong, and should not be repeated hereafter, thereby suggesting his transitional phase between the two stages. Greg is not displaying age appropriate behavior considering Kohlberg’s second level of reasoning develops in early adolescence. Greg seems to be at an advanced level as per this theory. References Berk, L. E. (1996). Moral development. Child Development (pp. 481-489). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.

Parliamentary Sovereignty Essay Example for Free

Parliamentary Sovereignty Essay With reference to relevant domestic case law outline the â€Å"mechanisms† adopted by the British Courts to maintain the Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty in the context of applying European Law. Particular reference should be made to the cases of Bulmer v Bollinger and Factortame. Parliamentary sovereignty is a fundamental principle in the constitution of the United Kingdom. It is where the Parliament is the supreme legal authority, which has the power to create or end any law. Generally, the courts cannot overrule its legislation and no Parliament can pass a law that a future Parliament cannot change. In the British constitution, a statute is generally regarded as the highest form of the law, therefore Parliament is seen as the sovereign law maker. However the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty has been altered and limited by the UK decision to become a member of the European Community in 1973 when the European Communities Act 1972 came into force. Parliament must now legislate consistently with European Community Law. The terms of the European treaties as interpreted by the European Court of Justice require member states to limit their sovereignty, by Parliament giving direct effect and primacy to EU Law. The European Court of Justice states that European Community Law should be enforceable in the courts of member states and that EU law prevails domestic law of member state, which includes the United Kingdom. The ECJ, as the judicial institution of the Community, is the backbone of that system of safeguards. It is responsible for interpreting questions of EC law and provision is made in the Treaty for references to the ECJ by national courts. Decisions of the ECJ, upon a reference, are reached by majority vote and are binding on all domestic courts of all Member States. Under Article 234 the ECJ has achieved the principle of supremacy and its uniform application in all Member States when Community law may be in conflict with domestic legislation. The ECH, as the guardian of legality and instrument of cohesion within the Community, has from the start been in a strong position to define the status of Community law and to gibe it precedence when in conflict with the national legal systems of the various Member states. The first case where the Court made a statement on the nature of European law is the famous case of Van Gend en Loos dealing with the principle of direct effect of EC Treaty provisions and the degree to which individuals can rely on such terms to hallenge measures of national law. It was in a second important case, two years later, however, that the ECJ expanded on its constitutional theory of the Community, declaring again that the states had created a sovereign Community by limiting their own sovereign rights. The case was Costa v Enel, the Court basically decided that community law had supremacy over national law. To this day the judgement is the bedrock of the importance of Community law in all Member States of the European Union. Without this decision Community law would have remained merely international law. Not until the doctrine of supremacy did Community law become truly ‘supranational’ as intended in the European treaties. It was in Bulmer v Bollinger that Lord Denning stated: â€Å"The Treaty of Rome is like an incoming tide. It flows into the estuaries and up the rivers. It cannot be held back. † The early generous and realistic approach was seen in the case of Macarthys v Smith (1981) where Lord Denning discussed the feature between mere inconsistencies and deliberate derogation. Where the incompatibility is inadvertent, he suggested that English Courts should apply EC law, on the assumption that Parliament anticipated to perform its treaty obligations. On the other hand, where the incompatibility was deliberate, he was of the belief that English law should triumph. In this case Lord Denning asserted that â€Å"it has priority. It is not supplanting English law. It is part of our law which overrides any other part which is inconsistent with it. † However, it was not until the Factortame litigation that the true implication on parliamentary sovereignty became noticeable. The cases of R v Secretary of State for Transport Ex Parte Factortame (1989), changed Lord Dennings principle. In this case the UK courts applied for an Article 177 reference. Due to the extensive time it take to respond to reference, the UK applied for an additional ruling asking if they could in the meantime still apply the Act as it conflicted with Articles 52 and 221 of the Treaty of Rome. The ECJ ordered the UK to temporarily suspend the 1988 Act, which the UK parliament had not done before. Therefore, this relentlessly undermined the supremacy of the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty.

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay This report examines the centrifugal pump. Firstly by examining the system head characteristic, then by examining the effects varying the motor speed has on a single pump. Finally the report examines and compares the use of two pumps in series and then in parallel. Theoretically examination of the system head characteristic should yield a graph of system head against volume flowrate which is curved, the curve should begin above zero from the y axis, due to static lift. Theoretically examination of the effect of varying motor speed across a system of a single pump should show that higher motor speeds lead to higher efficiency in the pump system along with larger changes of power across the system, and a larger drop in head values. Finally comparison of a system with two pumps used in series and in parallel should show that the method used will not have an effect on the efficiency of the system. However it should also show that the system in series has twice the head values of that in parallel and that the system in parallel has twice the volume flowrate values of the system in series. Overall they should have the same Mass flow. Upon comparison of the results obtained with theory, it is evident that for the most part, the experimental results agree with theory. Any minor disagreements between theory and experimentation will be explained in the discussions and conclusions section of this report. This report serves to display knowledge and understanding of the operation of a centrifugal pump gained from completion of the experiment. Introduction The purpose of this laboratory is to study the operation and performance of a centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps are an example of a fluid machine. Fluid machines are devices that transfer energy to or from a fluid. Fluid machines include pumps, fans and compressors. This experiment deals with a pump. Pumps are devices used to move gases or liquids from lower to higher pressure. The difference in pressure is overcome by adding energy to the system. Specifically, centrifugal pumps operate by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydro dynamic energy. The rotational energy is typically supplied by an engine or electric motor or turbine. Centrifugal Pumps are an important machine to study from an engineering point of view as they are very widely used as a means of delivering liquids. Centrifugal pumps are used in fields such as sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping. For the purpose of this report the centrifugal pump was studied in terms of its performance when a single pump was used and also when two pumps were used (both in series and in parallel). The purpose being to highlight the effects this had on results. The system characteristic was also investigated. The overall purpose of this experiment is to give a better understanding and insight into how this fluid machine works. Below is an image of a centrifugal pump. A greater insight into how it operates and an explanation of the function of the various parts will be provided later in the report. http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/images/closed_impeller.gif Figure 1 Centrifugal Pump Diagram 1 Objectives The primary aim of this laboratory is to gain a better understanding of pumps, in particular the centrifugal pump. Insight is gained into the principles of operation of a centrifugal pump and the process through which a pump transfers energy to a fluid system. There are three parts to this experiment: To determine the system characteristic for the fluid system on which the pump operates. To determine the performance of a single pump relative to motor speed. To determine (for a fixed motor speed) the performance of two centrifugal pumps; Operating in series (ii) Operating in parallel Theory Basic theory and workings of Centrifugal pump As previously stated, the principle operation of a centrifugal pump  is to convert fluid velocity into pressure energy.  The pump is made up of three components; the inlet duct, the  impeller, and the volute. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/4sp8x32v9cejngi/images/4-dd8b7539b4.jpg Figure 2: Centrifugal Pump Diagram 2 Fluid enters the inlet duct (D).  As the shaft (A) rotates, the impeller (B), which is connected to the shaft, also  rotates.  The impeller consists  of a number of blades  that  project the fluid outward when rotating.  This centrifugal force gives the fluid a high velocity.  Next, the moving fluid passes  through the pump case (C)  and then into the volute (E).  The volute chamber  has a uniformly increasing area.  This increasing  area decreases the fluids  velocity, which converts the  velocity energy into pressure energy. 2 Determining the System Characteristic The first step of the experiment is to identify the system characteristic of the pump. When a pump is fitted in a system, it is tested so as to ensure that the volume flow-rate and head of the pump are within required specifications. The Volume flow rate can be defined as the volume of the fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time, and the head of the pump is a measure of the fluid energy. In order to do this we must find the pump head and the volume flow rate. We then plot the pump head (expressed in metres) against the volume flow rate (expressed in m3/s). This should yield a curve. The system head characteristic is dependent on static lift which is associated with change in elevation of the fluid, contraction or expansion of the fluid associated with acceleration and deceleration of the fluid, and the losses within the system. Below is a theoretical graph, showing how the curve should appear. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/what-you-need-to-know/appliances-and-equipment/electric-motors/system-optimisation/optimising-pump-and-fan-applications/~/media/Images/electric-motor/system-curve.ashx?w=447h=324as=1 Example graph for system head characteristic3 When a pump is attached to a system the operating point occurs when the pump head hpump equals the system head hsystem. The optimum operating conditions occur when the required duty point of head and flow intersects the operating point and the design point, the point of maximum efficiency. Single Centrifugal Pump Characteristics The next aspect of the experiment is to determine the performance of a single pump as a function of motor speed. The performance of a pump is generally mapped by plotting pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical) and pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) as a function of the volume flow rate Q through the pump. The use of a single pump is investigated for three different motor speeds, measuring the effect varying the motor speed has on pump head, electrical power and efficiency. These values are then plotted on a graph against the volume flow rate. Theoretically; Higher speeds yield higher efficiency Higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system. Higher motor speeds yield higher head values (expressed in metres). Double Centrifugal Pump Characteristics The final aspect of this experiment is the investigation of the effects of the use of two centrifugal pumps on the system. The pumps are placed in series and then in parallel. Both systems, i.e. the pump system which is in series and that which is in parallel are set to the same motor speed. In both cases head, electrical power and efficiency are measured and plotted against volume flow rate. The graph for the system in series can then be compared to the graph for the system in parallel, in order to study and compare the different systems. Centrifugal pumps both in series are used to overcome larger system head loss than one pump can handle alone, whereas centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome larger volume flows than one pump can handle alone.4 When running in series, the heads are added and the total capacity is equal to that of the pump with the smallest capacity, whereas in parallel, the capacities of the pumps are added, and the head of all pumps will be equal at the point where the discharged liquids recombine.5 Theoretically whether the system is in series or in parallel shouldnt affect the efficiency of the system. Experimental Methods Equipment Used- The primary piece of equipment used was the centrifugal pump, a detailed explanation of its operation can be found in the theory section of this report (see page 6). We also use a differential pressure transducer, which is a type of pressure sensor. We use a computer to measure and record data. Methods- System Head Characteristic Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Close valve V3 which connects the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2 Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Open the discharge valve V5 to approximately 75% of its fully opened position. Disconnect the low pressure line connecting differential pressure transducer to upstream of pump 1. Record the motor speed, the discharge volume flow rate, the pressure measured by the differential pressure transducer and the system head. Increase the speed of motor 1 incrementally, at each increment repeat the above step and continue to do so until the motor speed had reached its maximum. Plot the system head characteristic against volume flow rate. Single Pump Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Close valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2 Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the motor connected to pump 1 using the motor speed controller to 45 Hz Record the Volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. Repeat the procedure for motor speeds of 35 and 40Hz. Double Pump In Series Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2. Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller. Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. In Parallel Open valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2. Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2. Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1. Close fully the discharge valve V5. Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller. Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency ÃŽÂ ·pump. Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened. Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed. Experimental Results System characteristic for the fluid system Below is the table of results for the determination of the system characteristic for the fluid system; Motor speed N (Hz) Vol FlowrateQ(m3/s) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Psystem Pa Hsystem (m) 14 0 0.716 0.123333 21 0.188667 3.223 0.376667 25 0.368333 4.296667 0.486667 32 0.477667 6.911 0.753333 35 0.545667 8.450667 0.91 39 0.647667 10.06167 1.073333 42 0.714 12.71167 1.346667 47 0.796333 14.93167 1.573333 The graph for the system characteristic (Hsystem against Volume flowrate) is below: Graph 1 (System Characteristic) Single Pump Test Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 45 Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 45Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0 8.786667 0 109.9433 0 8.443333 0 109.05 0 7.116667 0 116.8633 0 6.98 0 130.5333 0 7.306667 0 163.25 0.246333 7.32 9.7 181.8867 0.332667 7.186667 11.9 197.02 0.427333 7.016667 14.3 205.6467 0.537 6.833333 15.93333 226.0733 0.619667 6.38 16.53333 234.2133 0.738333 5.876667 17.1 249.1867 0.781333 5.703333 16.76667 260.4133 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 45Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 40Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 40 Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0 6.251868 0 128.0131 0.376333 5.406667 10.96667 178.8733 0.55 5.19 13.4 208.5767 0.675 4.706667 13.7 226.7267 0.7335 4.525 13.7 237.915 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 40Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 35 Hz- Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 35 Hz; Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power W 0.054 4.722434 1.633333 118.0014 0.305667 4.276667 7.066667 170.9 0.592 3.65 9.666667 218.18 0.632333 3.546667 9.666667 226.3167 0.630333 3.343333 9.166667 225.1767 The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 35Hz are below; Total Motor Power (W) Double Pump Test System in series- Below are the results of the double pump test for a system in series- Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency % Power Motor 1 (W Power Motor 2 (W) Total Motor Power (W) 0 18.21333 0 109.2933 55.99 165.2833 0 15.38 0 128.4167 54.69 183.1067 0.255667 14.80333 15.16667 181.3167 62.82667 244.1433 0.43 14.38667 23.5 201.0067 57.37 258.3767 0.537667 13.70667 26.7 218.67 51.43 270.1 0.618667 13.08 26.86667 240.3967 54.44333 294.84 0.730333 11.65 26.96667 256.1867 52.89667 309.0833 0.852667 9.826667 25.06667 272.6233 54.68667 327.31 0.883333 9.863333 25.16667 278.16 60.62667 338.7867 The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in series are below; Total Motor Speed (W) System in parallel- Below is the table of results for the double pump test for a system in parallel; Volume Flowrate Q (m3/s) Head (m) Efficiency (%) Motor Power 1 (W) Motor Power 2 (W) Total Motor Power (W) 0 9.19667 0 111.327 63.8833 175.21 0.277 7.6 11 134.847 52.49 187.3367 0.47167 7.67 17.3 144.773 60.1367 204.91 0.598 7.41667 20.1333 152.917 62.7467 215.6634 0.72033 7.33667 22.8333 165.443 61.28 226.7233 0.83633 7.39667 27 171.06 53.3867 224.4467 0.97033 7.11667 27.7 191.243 52.7333 243.9766 1.11633 6.85 28.3667 201.337 62.7433 264.08 1.29767 6.70667 31.9667 210.613 56.2367 266.85 1.37667 6.33 29.9667 228.597 55.6633 284.26 1.554 6.02667 30.9 241.21 59.4867 300.6967 1.63033 5.73 30 244.14 60.7933 304.9333 The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in parallel are below; Total Motor Power (W) Discussion Conclusions This section of the report contains a discussion of the results obtained along with conclusions drawn from said results and also where necessary, comments regarding any unexpected values. System Head Characteristic The first part of the experiment was conducted in order to attain a system head characteristic curve. Volume flowrate, measured in m3/s, was mapped against Head, which is measured in metres. We would expect this to yield a smooth curve starting above the zero mark form the y- axis, in order to allow for static lift in the pump system. As expected the system head characteristic was found to be a curve, starting slightly above the zero mark on the y axis, therefore for the most part, results were conclusive with theory. However there is one discrepancy between expected results and the actual results obtained, as the curve is not entirely smooth. Some possible reasons for the slightly irregular shape of the curve are; Single Pump Test The second part of this experiment was to investigate the effect changing motor speed has on a pump. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured for a variety of motor speeds. Then hpump, Pelectrical and ÃŽÂ ·pump were mapped against Q for each motor speed. The reason for this being to highlight the effects changing motor speed has on the centrifugal pump system. We expect firstly that higher motor speeds yield higher efficiency, secondly that higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system and finally that higher motor speeds yield higher head values. Upon studying the results of the experiment we can see that they match up with theory. Efficiency- Theory- Efficiency, simply put, refers to how well a pump can convert one form of energy into another. In this case how well the pump converts rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy. The overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump is defined as the ratio of the water (output) power to the shaft (input) power. By increasing the speed at which the motor rotates the shaft, the shafts power is increased, therefore the value of efficiency is increased. Results- Higher motor speeds did in the case of this experiment did yield higher values for efficiency. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 16.7%, for a motor speed of 40Hz Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 13.7% and finally for the lowest motor speed used, 35Hz, highest efficiency was approximately 9.16%. Power Change- Theory- Power can be defined as a work/time ratio. The work in the case of this experiment is the rotation of the shaft by the motor, which in turn creates a centrifugal force in the water. For a faster motor speed, the shaft rotates faster, meaning that more work is done per unit time. This means a greater rise in the power value. Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds yielded larger changes in power across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 150.47 watts. For a motor speed of 40 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 109.9 watts. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, the change in power in across the system was approximately 107.18 watts. Head- Theory- Head is the height at which a pump can raise water up. The higher the value of pressure, the higher the value of head will be. Since raising rotational speed strongly affects pressure loss of a fluid, we can see that it also affects head loss.    Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds lead to a greater loss in head (measured in metres) across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the drop in head across the system was approximately 3.09 metres. For a motor speed of 40 Hz drop in head across the system was approximately 1.727 metres. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, drop in head across the system was approximately 1.38 metres. Double Pump Test The final part of the experiment was to investigate (for a fixed motor speed); the performance of two centrifugal pumps; firstly operating in series and secondly operating in parallel. The two results for the system in series and for the system in parallel could then be compared. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (ÃŽÂ ·pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured, firstly for the system in series and secondly for the system in parallel. Theoretically, when both systems are set at the same motor speed, the pump in series should have twice the Head value of the system in parallel, whereas the system in parallel should have twice the volume flowrate of the system in series. Meaning that both systems end up with the same mass flow. Whether the pumps are in series or in parallel should have no effect on the efficiency of the system. Head- Theory- Results- As expected the system in series has approximately twice the head value of the system in parallel. (Series18.22m: Parallel 9.2m) Volume Flowrate- Theory- Results- As expected the system in parallel has approximately twice the volume flowrate value of the system in series. (Series 0.883 : Parallel 1.63) Mass Flow- Theory- Results- Efficiency- Theory- Results-

Cloning - It’s Time to Stop the Cesorship of Science :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

It’s Time to Stop the Cesorship of Science How responsible are scientists for science and its applications? In a recent issue of the journal Science the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Sir Joseph Rotblat, proposes a Hippocratic oath for scientists. He is strongly opposed to the idea that science is neutral and that scientists are not to be blamed for its misapplication. Therefore, he proposes an oath, or pledge, initiated by the Pugwash Group in the United States (Science 286, 1475 1999). "I promise to work for a better world, where science and technology are used in socially responsible ways. I will not use my education for any purpose intended to harm human beings or the environment. Throughout my career, I will consider the ethical implications of my work before I take action. While the demands placed upon me might be great, I sign this declaration because I recognise that individual responsibility is the first step on the path to peace." These are indeed noble aims to which all citizens should wish to subscribe, but it does present some severe difficulties in relation to science. Contrary to Rotblat's view I claim that reliable scientific knowledge is morally and ethically neutral and ethics only enter when science is applied to making a product, for example genetically modified foods (Is science dangerous? Nature 398, 281). If genes are responsible for determining some of our behaviour, that is the way the world is - it is neither good nor bad. Knowledge can be used for both good and evil. Of course, scientists in their work have the responsibilities of all citizens to do no harm and be honest. Their additional responsiblity is to put their work and its possible applications in the public domain. Rotblat does not want to distinguish between scientific knowledge and its application, but the very nature of science is that it is not possible to predict what will be discovered or how these discoveries could be applied. Cloning provides a nice example. The original studies related to cloning were largely the work of biologists in the 1960s. They were studying how frog embryos develop and wanted to find out if genes which are located in the cell nucleus were lost or permanently turned off as the embryo developed. This involved putting the nuclei of cells from later stages in development, including adult cells, back into an egg from which the nucleus had been removed to determine whether the genes in that nucleus would allow the egg to develop.

The Difficulty with Defining Feminism Essay -- Definition Feminism Fem

The Difficulty with Defining Feminism In Feminist Theory: from margin to center, bell hook states on the first page what she believes to be the problem with feminism. In her opinion the biggest problem with feminism is that there is no real definition of what feminism is. The definition many people have formulated for feminism is having the goal of making woman socially equal to men. hook’s problem with this is the fact that all men are not socially equal. If women are to be the social equals to men then another question would be which men women will be socially equal to. While many white middle and upper class women accept this definition, the lower socioeconomic classes can not because it does not take race and its disadvantages into account. One concern of hooks is the fact that many women do not wish to be associated with feminism. With the amount of women that do not wish to be associated with the term it will be hard to make any sort of real transformation socially. She points out that the root of this is that there is no real definition for feminism. While she views it as the struggle to end sexist oppression, many women view it as a lifestyle or associate feminism with lesbianism. In addition, many women view feminism as a white women’s rights group. This excludes oppressed ethnic groups of women. She makes a good point with this issue because before any further goals can be reached, feminism must become something that women want to be a part of. If the very women that would be benefiting from the goals that the group has do not want to be associated with the term, then it makes mainstream society dismiss the group even more than it already does. It is hard to understand how hook intends to take action as a fem... ... solution for the oppression of women in society, hook feels like it would not make any progress in the real goal of eliminating sexist oppression. After reading the essay I find myself siding more with hook on this issue. Rich’s solution for oppression of women seems to be to create more valuable relationships between women. While this may be a good idea for part of a solution it seems as though nothing would be accomplished by this in the long run due to the fact that men are not changing behavior in this solution. Nothing seems to be done about the real problem in Rich’s ideas. After reading a few different readings on feminism and what needs to be done about oppression I have found that I most agree with the direction hook is going. She seems to be very aware of what needs to be done in what order to make feminism strong enough to approach the issues at hand.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Wife of Bath and the Ideal Woman

The Wife of Bath and the Ideal Woman       The Wife of Bath is one of Chaucer's most memorable characters. In the "General Prologue," she is described as a somewhat deaf, voluptuous, married woman. She is a clothing maker, has a gap tooth, the sign of a lust nature, and she wears brilliant red stockings. Her fantastic description alone sparks interest, a spark that is later fanned into fire when her prologue is read. The Wife's outlandish description of her marriages makes her unique and memorable among the pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales, most of which are identified by conventional occupation. Chaucer has deliberately made the Wife a notable character by giving her life many unconventional twists. Her marriages are contradictory, and her personality is at odds with the medieval view of women Chaucer creates her in order to show that this woman, however rare and unique she is, cannot openly struggle for equality and independence. Her prologue gives the reader the notion that, when Alison is talking about herself, "It's a bit like an anti-confession, with her saying this is what I'm like, there's no way I'm going to change (Beer 8). This is her initial portrayal, but at the end of her prologue, the Wife of Bath succumbs to the pressure of society, conforms and becomes the ideal medieval wife.    The Wife's marriages, when viewed in order, show her struggle for power and her surrender to authority. In the first few lines the reader learns that Alison was married five times. Her five husbands represent the progression of a woman from a power-hungry girl to a submissive spouse. Her five husbands can be divided into two groups, the first group consisting of the Wife's first three husbands. Of this first group she says, "Th... ... Mark. "The Wife of Bath and Women's Power." Assays 4 (1987): 67-83. Bott, Robin. "The Wife of Bath and the Revelour: Power Struggles and Failure in a Marriage of Peers." Medieval Perspectives 6 (1991): 154-161. Carruthers, Mary. "The Wife of Bath and the Painting of Lions." PMLA 94 (1979): 209-18. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Riverside Chaucer. Ed. Larry Benson. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1987. Crane, Susan. "Alison's Incapacity and Poetic Instability in the Wife of Bath's Tale." MLA 102 (1987): 20-27. Leicester, Jr., H. Marshall. "Of a fire in the dark: Public and Private Feminism in the Wife of Bath's Tale." Women's Studies 11.1-2 (1985): 157-78. Oberembt, Kenneth. "Chaucer's Anti-Misogynist Wife of Bath." The Chaucer Review 10 (1976): 287-302. Patterson, Lee. Chaucer and the Subject of History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.

Business Economics – Regression Analysis

Effect of Ratio Profitability: Return on Asset (ROA) and Return of Equity (ROE) to Stock Price of PT Bank Central Asia (BCA) Tbk. Ratio profitability, Return on Asset (ROA) and Return of Equity (ROE), of a firm is used as one of parameters for investor to decide whether they want to invest or not. The following table consists of ROA and ROE as well as the stock price of PT Bank Central Asia (BCA) Tbk. , as one of the largest bank in Indonesia, from year of 2002 up to 2011. Table 1. ROA, ROE and stock price of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk. tahun 2002-2011 Year| Stock Price(Y)| ROA(X2)| ROE(X2)| 2002| 2500| 2. 17| 22. 08| 003| 3325| 2. 36| 24. 87| 2004| 2975| 3. 04| 32. 52| 2005| 3400| 3. 41| 32. 33| 2006| 5200| 3. 43| 33. 58| 2007| 7300| 1. 68| 16. 47| 2008| 5778| 3. 14| 33. 16| 2009| 5645| 3. 17| 32. 11| 2010| 4284| 3. 28| 31. 23| 2011| 3674| 2. 65| 24. 16| Using regression analysis we want to determine the relationship between ROA, ROE and stock price of PT BCA Tbk. In this case, ROA an d ROE are the independent or explanatory variable (X), while stock price is the dependent variable that we want to explain (Y). Regression Analysis SUMMARY OUTPUT| | | Regression Statistics| Multiple R| 0. 13028475| R Square| 0. 016974116| Adjusted R Square| -0. 63890422| Standard Error| 1710. 529517| Observations| 10| ANOVA| | | | | | | df| SS| MS| F| Significance F| Regression| 2| 353656. 3| 176828. 15| 0. 060435241| 0. 941840446| Residual| 7| 20481378. 6| 2925911. 229| | | Total| 9| 20835034. 9| | | | | Coefficients| Standard Error| t Stat| P-value| Lower 95%| Upper 95%| Lower 95. 0%| Upper 95. 0%| Intercept| 5361. 609293| 2796. 526605| 1. 917238793| 0. 096721961| -1251. 125335| 11974. 34392| -1251. 125335| 11974. 34392| X Variable 1| -142. 3275587| 3749. 125063| -0. 037962873| 0. 970777259| -9007. 599603| 8722. 944486| -9007. 599603| 8722. 944486| X Variable 2| -19. 7879081| 375. 1702777| -0. 051919867| 0. 960043105| -906. 6155278| 867. 6579462| -906. 6155278| 867. 6579462| From the summary output we can estimate the linear relationship between the stock price (Y) and ROA (X1), ROE (X2) in the form of equation below: Y= 5361. 6092 – 142. 3275 X1 – 19. 4788 X2 The result indicates that for each 1% decrease in ROA and ROE; the stock price decrease by IDR142. 3275 (the estimated coefficient of X1) and IDR19. 4788 (the estimated coefficient of X2) also, respectively. To understand how significant the independent variable can explain the dependent variable, we can observe from t-stat data.The critical value of t at the 0. 05 level of significance is 2. 365 (from table of the t distribution). The analysis result show that t-stat value below the critical value of t = 2. 365. It means that at the 5% level of significance, we accept there is no significant relationship between ROA, ROE and stock price. We need more variable better than just ROA and ROE to picture the movement of price stock. The two variables, ROA and ROE, are not enough to explain th e stock price of PT BCA Tbk. Now, we want to see how good is the model or how much the explanatory power of the model by looking at R2 data.R2 measures how much of the variation in the firm’s stock price is explained by the variation in its ROA and ROE. The analysis result shows that the value of R2 is 0. 016974116, extreme to 1. It means that none of the variation in stock price was explained by the variation in ROA and ROE. In conclusion, looking at the value of t-stat and R2, variable ROA and ROE is not enough to explain the movement of stock price PT BCA Tbk. We need to add more variables to get more description how the stock price change and how significant and sensitive the variables impact to stock price.

How motivate the second language learner Essay

The students are always motivated, and when we talk about motivation, it refer to student`s efforts to learn. Positively motivated students are more pleasant to learn, prepare more carefully for class, participate more actively and achieve more than negatively motivated students. Teachers should recognize that to improve motivation they will be dealing with cognitive, affective, social and perhaps even psychomotor variables. These recommendations are being offered as positive suggestion for improving student achievement motivation and also some thing which should not happen to participating students if high level of motivation is to be maintained. First, we should clarify for the student what is the goal of the course and what they have to do to achieve these goals. For reach this goal we should assist them. Give them feedback, and summarize important content of each class. We must have review sessions to help the student to recover what they learned. Use the example, that is, use a material which is related to what they know, in fact we should have a work which is creative and these activities should be purposeful. Give an exam and take them a test to motivate the student to have a better work. These are the cognitive works which we can do for motivate the students. In addition there is some affective variable which the teachers can done to motivate the students. They should avoid the practices which produce or continued anxity. A positive attitude toward the speakers, class and the teacher of the second language improve the motivation of language learner. Know the needs of students to achieve in some area. The teacher must be able to give reward for good work and punish for poor work if it is necessary. Use audio-visual aids whenever possible within reason. Plan for activities during the term. give them assignment to improve their proficiency. When applying a concepts use context which interesting the students Also there is some instruction to not be done in order to keep the student motivated. The student should not be made to suffer a lose of self-esteem and not be in a discomfort position like sit for a long time or cant hear what is said in the front of class. Or not asked them to take a test of what they don’t know or have an incomprehensible question. And should not be in inferior groups, or even ask them to be in a group of students who are superior learners. In conclusion to meet student needs, the teacher needs to make a commitment to themselves and to each student, to help that student grow. The purpose of teaching is growing the students knowledge which is be done by improving a motivation. If the teacher be aware of students need an the position of the class he/she can improve the level of the students` motivations and as a result their knowledge will be grow and language learning will happened as good as possible.

Business in China Essay

There are many cross cultural differences that would need to be taken into consideration if a US company were to expand into China. Language is an important cultural difference that has to be taken into consideration. It would be wise to consult a native speaker. Due to various dialects and local slang a translation of something would have to be understood by all and to not offend a particular market. An American advertisement in English would be understood by all of the US but a Chinese advertisement in one of the seven Chinese dialects would not be understood by everyone in China. An American advertisement or product info that is mistranslated could make it off putting to consumers or investors. The legal system in China is vastly different than in the US. Corruption is rampant in China when doing business and often times bribes are necessary in order to ensure that your operation runs according to plan. The legal system in China is more difficult to navigate and lacks neutrality as the China Communist Party is in complete control of it. The US legal system has more neutrality, transparency and it is easier to file court cases. Bribes in the US would be completely illegal and never permissible. Gender is another cultural difference between the US and China. Gender inequality in China has existed throughout history and just recently laws are being passed in order to ensure equality but discrimination is still experienced. Women are still expected to do all housework even if they have a job and they normally make less than their male counterparts. Although the situation is improving, males are more favored in business dealings. A US company would need to be hesitant in sending a female executive to China to do any new dealings as Chinese companies might not be as comfortable compared to if they were dealing with a male. B The safety of products in the US is very different as compared to China. China is known for their cheap goods but they come at a health cost as low quality standards often lead to toxic or unsafe products. Many US companies outsource their production in order to lower costs and US products are often  recalled due to lead or other chemicals being found in the products after they have been purchased by the consumer. In the US this would not happen due to high industry quality standards and regulations. In China companies must strictly implement their own safety standards and monitor that they are being followed in order to ensure quality products up to standards. In the US, food and medical related products would need to follow the strict guidelines of the FDA in order to be able to sell the product on the market. In China, a food or medical product by the same company would not have as strict guildelines as compared to the US, but the FDA has been training Chinese companies on how to produce safer products. Products are often cheaper in price in China due to cheaper labor and production. China is able to produce products on such a large scale that it further decreases the price of each individual product. Workers are paid significantly lower wages as compared to the US. Chinese companies often receive the taxes they paid on products back if it is exported and this also keeps prices low. In the US products are not commonly advertised with a price ending in zero such as $10 or $20. Instead the product would be advertised one cent less at $9.99 or $19.99 because having the product price at the lower dollar amount makes the product seem more att ractive. In China there is much emphasis on the luck of certain numbers and 8 is one of the luckiest number in Chinese culture and many companies use this to their advantage by advertising products with prices ending in 8. Products are often promoted very differently between the US and China. Advertisements in the US often make it seem as though a particular product such as vodka will give you the adventurous life of the model in the advertisement. In China, advertisements for luxury products are banned as it doesn’t fit with the China Communist Party’s want to promote thrifty values and not promote extravagance. In China, a company new to the market must advertise its product with an emphasis on affirming its products safety due to the rampant counterfeiting and low product safety in China. In the US, a new company to the market would advertise its product with an emphasis on its distinguishing features or cheaper price as product safety is not an issue in the US. There is a large portion of China’s population that lives in rural areas and products have not normally marketed towards them due to the lack of infrastructure to effectively reach them. Recently, companies are marketing outside of major cities as  infrastructure is improving. This is compared to the US where the USPS can send a package to any address in the country in a few days. In the US businesses utilize large semi trailers to effectively distribute large batches products across the country as all city streets are able to accommodate the large trucks and the US highway system reaches to every part of the country. In China, businesses send out smaller batches to each store as space is often more limited but most major cities limit the use of trucks. Shipments must then be sent by vans or cars which is less efficient. Although the situation is improving, bribes are very common when doing business in China. Bribes are expected in order to cut through bureaucratic red tape. Not giving bribes would put a company at a disadvantage to their competitors. Any sort of bribery or corruption is highly illegal in the US and illegal for all US companies. In the US, workers must normally be at least 16 with permission or 18 to hold a job in order to not exploit children in the workforce. Child labor is a huge problem in China due to lack of enforcement of policies. Due to poverty, families are letting their children which can be as young as 5 years old be exploited by working in extreme conditions and long hours. If a US company was caught hiring child workers not only would it be ethically wrong but it would be a major hit to the companies reputation.

Ordering System

AUTOMATED ORDERING SYSTEM USING ANDROID APPLICATION WITH BILLING AND INVENTORY SYSTEMS IN A RESTAURANT A Title Defense Presented to The Faculty of Institute of Information and Communications Technology West Visayas State University La Paz, Iloilo City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Introduction to Research in IICT Ruth Adorable Ma. Rosevelle Cainglet Kristine Genogaling Kasandra Leah Jayne Paniza Mary Joy Petrola Abstract This study focuses on developing an Automated Ordering System using Android Application with Billing and Inventory Systems in a Restaurant.The main goal of the study is to shorten the time taken during the instance a customer orders. Also, this study wants to track the inventory in an easier and convenient way. The billing system will assist in calculating the total earnings of the restaurant for a day, week and month. The study is expected to optimize Android Application using tablets. It describes the main features of Android for a better understan ding of this platform. Java Script was the programming language development technology used in building the system. The system allows the customer to order a menu without calling any of the service crew.The customer can simply select the food to be ordered from the given menu through a tablet that is provided in every table which is embedded with an android application. The billing system is associated with the two other systems, which records the total bills of the customers. In paying the bill, the customer can do it in two ways either it can be cash or credit. The records for the supply goods and the sold products are documented in the inventory system. Every tablet has a unique code where the server can identify if what table the order is coming from.The tablet is linked to the counter and also to the server that is located in the kitchen. To sum it up, the three systems are interrelated to help the restaurant in attaining their goals and objectives. Chapter 1 Chapter 1 is compo sed of six different parts to be discussed namely: (1) Background of the Study, (2) Overview of Related Systems, (3) Objectives of the Study, (4) Significance of the Study, (5) Definition of Terms, (6) Delimitation of the Study. Part One, Background of the Study, discusses the rationale for choosing the problem.Part Two, Overview of the Related Systems, explains the features, capabilities, and limitations of the related system. Part Three, Objectives of the Study, states the goals that the study needed to accomplish. Part Four, Significance of the Study, enumerates the importance of the study and its beneficiaries. Part Five, Definition of Terms, conceptually and operationally defines important terms used in the study. Part Six, Delimitation of the Study, sets the ranges that are included in the study, as well as the boundaries and scope affected by the proposed system. Background of the StudyNowadays most of the restaurants are having big problems regarding with their old ordering process. The basic problem in the food service industry is that restaurant is not realizing efficiencies that would result from better applications of technology in their daily operations. After analysing the said situation we’ve come up to a proposal that can help these problems of restaurants. This system that we’ve come up can let the costumers order through simply choosing the menus that they like through a tablet that is in their tables. This tablet has an installed android OS with android applications.This system can give a lot of benefits. With the new open and comprehensive platform for tablet device called android operating systems and android applications, we come up to extend to proposed automated ordering, inventory and billing system using android application in a restaurant. With this kind of systems, the management can provide immediate help for the customers. Customers won’t bother about their tables while they are ordering because in every table there is one tablet embedded with android applications. Overview of Related Literature Objectives of the StudyThis study aims to determine the objectives of Automated Ordering System Using Android Application with Billing and Inventory System in a Restaurant. 1. To develop an automated ordering, inventory and billing system using android application. 2. To develop an ordering system that allows customer’s entry of orders to be forwarded immediately to the kitchen. 3. To create an inventory system to record the purchased and the consumed supply of products. 4. To develop an inventory system that records the supply goods and the sold products of the restaurant. 5. To design a friendly-user interface system. Significance of the StudyThis study will be a significant endeavor in promoting Automated Ordering System Using Android Application in a Restaurant. In this study the costumers can also gain knowledge on how to use an automated ordering system using android application. Thi s study will also help the personnel’s to lessen the human work. Restaurant owner will likewise benefit the study. He can monitor the daily, weekly and monthly income of the establishment. Through the inventory and tally of the supplies per transactions, the proprietor easily forecast on what and how many of the said supply will be ordered and delivered.Moreover, this study will serve as a future reference for researchers on the field on Information Technology and Management. This kind of project will enhance their knowledge and skills in programming. And importantly, this research will educate clients in deciding on whether or not a food business should automate and utilize an ecommerce in advancing their business. Definition and Terms For the purpose and understanding, the following terms were given their meanings: Automated is to turn a set of manual steps into an electronic operation that runs on its own.It may also refer to removing certain human interactions with the so ftware in an existing information system to make it operate from beginning to end without intervention. (http://www. thefreedictionary. com/ automated) In this study, Automated refers to the techniques in ordering in a fast food chains. Ordering is to give an authoritative direction or instruction to do something. In this study, Ordering refers to System is a group of interacting, interrelated, or Interdependent elements forming a complex whole. In this study, system refers to theAndroid is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. (http://developer. android. com/guide/basics/what-is-android. html) In this study, Android refers to the software that will be used in the system. An application is a program or group of programs designed for end users. In contrast, applications software (also called end-user programs) includes database programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. Figuratively speaking, applications software si ts on top of systems software because it is unable to run without the operating system and system utilities. (http://www. ebopedia. com/TERM/A/application. html) In this study, Application refers to a program designed for end users. Restaurant is defined as a business establishment where meals or refreshments may be purchased. (http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/restaurant) In this study, restaurant refers to where the system is deployed. Billing system is a combination of software and hardware that receives call detail and service usage information, groups this information for specific accounts or customers, produces invoices, creates reports for management, and records (posts) payments made to customer accounts. (http://www. billingdictionary. om/billing_dictionary_billing_system_definition. html)Authors: Mr. Avi Ofrane Mr. Lawrence Harte Copyright: 2006 In this study Billing refers to the record of the sales price from the customer. Tablets are a powerful tool for enhanc ing your productivity and online experience whether for business use, or life in general. Smaller than a laptop and bigger than a Smartphone, the tablet is perfect to take with you on the go. You can browse the internet, create and share presentations, videos conference with clients, stay connected with corporate email, download books, games and videos, watch movies, share photos and much more with your tablet. http://www. staplesadvantage. com/tablet/choosing-a-tablet-tablet-what-is-it. html) Copyright 2011 Staples, Inc. In this study Tablet refers to the device used by the costumer to order in the restaurant. Inventory are raw materials, work-in-process goods and completely finished goods that are considered to be the portion of a business's assets those are ready or will be ready for sale. (http://www. investopedia. com/terms/i/inventory. asp#ixz29lQePffp)2012, Investopedia US, A Division of ValueClick, Inc.In this study Inventory refers to the records of supply goods and the sol d products of the restaurant. Java Script A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites. Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed independently. Javascript can interact with HTML source code, enabling Web authors to spice up their sites withdynamic content. JavaScript is endorsed by a number of software companies and is an open language that anyone can

Diversity at Deloitte – Plans and Policies

When talking about equality opportunities implemented by companies, we can make a differentiation between two different models, the liberal and the radical one. The liberal model, described by Jewson and Mason, is emphasized on a philosophy of â€Å"sameness†, where people should have access to and be assessed within the workplace as individuals, regardless of social category. In the other hand, the radical approach is focused on a â€Å"positive discrimination† where employment practices are deliberately manipulated in order to obtain a fair distribution of those disadvantaged groups in the workplace, and it is also focused in achieving not only equality of opportunity but also equality of outcome. Considering this differentiation referring to the equalities of opportunities implemented by companies, we can see that Deloitte have a liberal approach in their policies, as they have created different programmes to make possible a equal treatment within the company instead of creating discriminatory policies, and, as for the outcome aspect, we haven't been able to find information about what is Deloitte's policy in that matter. Gender and Diversity management at Deloitte addresses the needs of a diverse workforce in regards to gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, ethnicity and national origin by offering programs to that specifically support these groups both internally and externally. The importance of diversity management at the firm is seen through the commitment placed on creating organizational structure, practices, policies, management and financial investment or partnerships that supports diversity. Deloitte’s annual diversity plan and the commitment to place diversity as the top priority on board meeting agenda’s is allowing the company to live and breathe its vision statement, which is: â€Å" to be recognized internally and externally as a diversity leader, to have leadership that represents the overall labour market, diversity management will be a core leadership competency and a business imperative, talent process will reflect ‘best-in-class’ diversity sensitive processes† (Deloitte, Diversity annual report). To achieve this vision, Deloitte has created a national Diversity council comprised of senior management across Canada which meets ten times per year to set goals and assess the progress of current policies and practices at the firm (Deloitte, Valuing Differences). To ensure the success of these initiatives they have created a diversity accountability framework to guide and incent progress. One of Deloitte’s most recognized and progressive steps towards diversity management have been the appointment of their Chief Diversity Officer, Jane Allen. Some key diversity practices within the firm includes; the creation of people networks, diversity calendar, the Diversity Matters blog, their Diversity Round table, a bias awareness toolkit as well as corporate sponsorship and partnerships. Deloitte’s people networks aim to connect like-minded people within the firm to act as mentors and support networks. The creation of the Diversity Calendar was a part of a firm wide communications campaign to communicate the diversity visions and goals for the year. Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial Policies The calendar was a huge success, receiving over 4000 downloads (Deloitte, Valuing Differences). The firm has also leveraged social networking tools with the creation of a Diversity Matters blog where employees can speak with the Chief Diversity Officer directly. Moreover, the Diversity Round table was created as an initiative to discuss the issues affecting people with disabilities an addition to Deloitte’s corporate sponsorship of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter games. The bias awareness toolkit is used to educate managers on a range of topics including common stereotypes. It is used in conjunction with mid-year and year end reviews in addition to the policy of employees and partners setting a personal diversity goal for their year plan. Finally, Deloitte sponsors a number of organizations that share their interest and commitment to strengthening an inclusive workplace through programs, and research. These activities give their professionals opportunities to gain knowledge and expand their networks and also provide them with another way to attract new talent. As part of these relationships, they help fund research and programs that build community and support career development for people of diverse backgrounds. Some examples of current sponsorships include: DiversityInc DiversityInc is a prime source for best practices and solutions to workplace diversity related challenges. The sponsorship makes it possible to expand the recruiting efforts as well as demonstrate the commitment to diversity in the marketplace. In addition, Deloitte leverages DiversityInc’s benchmarking data and analysis to increase awareness of the most progressive strategies companies and firms are employing, so that it can continue to be a true diversity leader. Working Mother Media Working Mother Media is solely focused on the challenges and tradeoffs that can impact working mothers and women of color. From their magazine to their robust website and inspiring conferences, Working Mother is a key resource for Deloitte to better understand these challenges and provide opportunities for people to leverage these resources. Deloitte is also an ongoing, premiere sponsor of the Working Mother Multicultural Women’s conference, as well as a sponsor of the Working Mother 100 Best Work Life Congress. | | These policies and practices are just the beginning of a web of more specific gender and diversity policies targeted to specific minority groups. Overview of Policies & Practices: For Women: Deloitte supports female employees through Canadian Women's Initiative Network (canWin), which offers mentoring and networking sessions, awards to recognize women in leadership roles, support for Career Moms, the Step Up program to support female senior management leadership development, as well as a Women of Influence Luncheon Series. For Parents: Deloitte’s parental leave guide offers a generous adoption subsidy for new parents and provides maternity top-up payments for new mothers (to 100% of salary for 17 weeks). It also provides a variety of alternative work arrangements that help women gradually return to work after maternity leave (Mediacorp). For LBGT: Deloitte`s Lesbian Bisexual Gay and Transgendered people network is a sponsor and participant in the â€Å"Out on Bay St. † career fair and conference for LGBT professionals. They also work to raise awareness facing Lesbian Bisexual Gay and Transgendered people in the workforce. For those with Disabilities: Deloitte is partnered with the Progress Place community organization which provides temporary, six-month transitional positions for persons recovering from mental illness to help them gain the confidence to reintegrate into the workforce (Mediacorp). For Aboriginals: Deloitte is a member of the Canadian Aboriginal and Minority Supplier Council, which connects Aboriginal owned businesses to corporate supply chains. The company also hosted an Indigenous Youth Gathering, leading sessions focused on leadership and career counselling. For Immigrants and new Canadians: Deloitte is a corporate sponsor of Assisting Local Leaders with Immigrant Employment Strategies and a partner with Toronto Regional Immigrant Employment Council that helps new immigrants navigate job search. Deloitte has created a guidebook for employers on hiring immigrants and has created an in-house mentorship program that pairs new Canadian employees with over 100 firm mentors. Part of Deloitte`s success in achieving their successful diversity management strategy is in part, due to their ability to define a business care for diversity. Their view is that diversity will lead to better work results, greater innovation as well as opportunities to work with a variety of clients. As their clients globalize they will expect Deloitte`s teams to have a global perspective. Teams that reflect this growing diversity will enhance their reputation in the business community (Deloitte, Valuing Differences). In addition to the ability to use diversity to attract the top talent, Deloitte has also founded a Women as Buyers pilot program which examines the difference in women`s buying approach when it comes to professional services. Understanding the differences in why women choose certain professional service providers over others, especially as more women take on leadership roles, will be essential to the success of the company in the future. Not only has Deloitte set outstanding policies and practices on diversity management, but they are also committed to continually measuring and monitoring the success of the policies. They currently use a scorecard to track the company`s progress in areas of recruitment, partner admissions, promotions and turnover (Deloitte, Diversity annual report). In the future, Deloitte`s Strategic Plan for 2014 will focus on providing more development opportunities, increasing their knowledge on diversity, tracking progress toward achieving their vision and keeping diversity top of mind and leading their agenda.